Tea, the world’s most popular beverage after water, holds a special place in Indian culture. Known for its rich flavors, invigorating aroma, and health benefits, tea has woven itself into the very fabric of Indian life. But have you ever wondered what’s the History of Tea? The tale of tea is deeply rooted in ancient Indian mythology and has spread across regions and cultures, creating a heritage that has endured for centuries. Let’s take a journey through the legendary origins of tea in India, explore the regional history of tea, and appreciate how tea culture has blossomed over the years.

Bodhi Dharma: The Mythical Sage Behind the Discovery of Tea

The legend of tea in India is often traced back to an ancient tale involving Bodhi Dharma, a Buddhist monk from South India (Martin, L.C., 2011). According to folklore, Bodhi Dharma traveled to China in the 6th century to spread the teachings of Buddhism. As part of his spiritual practice, he vowed to meditate for nine years without sleep. However, midway through his meditation, he began to feel tired and drowsy.

Frustrated with his fatigue, Bodhi Dharma is said to have torn off his eyelids and thrown them to the ground. As they touched the earth, they miraculously transformed into the first tea plants. Legend has it that Bodhi Dharma brewed the leaves of these plants into a beverage that helped him stay awake and alert, ultimately allowing him to complete his meditation.

Though mythical, this story highlights how tea has long been associated with focus, energy, and clarity of mind. Whether or not Bodhi Dharma truly discovered tea, his legendary connection to the drink remains a captivating tale passed down through generations (van Driem, G., 2020).

Tea’s Journey Across Indian Regions: A Tale of Diversity

While Bodhi Dharma’s legend points to tea’s roots in India, the historical cultivation of tea in different regions of India tells a fascinating story of growth, adaptation, and regional pride.

1. Assam: The Tea Capital of India Assam, nestled in the northeastern part of India, boasts the largest tea-producing region in the world. Assam's tea plants are indigenous and grew wild long before the British commercialized tea production in the 19th century. The region’s tropical climate and fertile soil make it the perfect place for growing bold, malty, and strong-flavored black tea, now known worldwide as "Assam Tea."
2. Darjeeling: The Champagne of Teas Darjeeling, located in the foothills of the Himalayas, is another iconic tea-producing region in India. The cool climate, high altitude, and misty conditions produce a delicate tea with a floral, muscatel flavor. Often referred to as the "Champagne of Teas," Darjeeling tea is treasured for its light, fragrant character and is highly sought after by tea connoisseurs around the globe.
3. Nilgiris: The Southern Jewel of Tea In South India, the Nilgiri Hills (or Blue Mountains) are home to yet another famous tea-growing region. The Nilgiri tea plantations produce rich, aromatic teas that thrive in the cool, mountainous climate. Known for its smooth taste and fragrant, fruity notes, Nilgiri tea is a versatile brew enjoyed in black, iced, or blended tea forms.

The Spread of Tea Culture: From Tradition to Trend

Though tea has long been cultivated in India, it wasn’t until the 19th century, during British colonial rule, that tea gained widespread popularity. The British, in their quest to reduce reliance on Chinese tea imports, began cultivating tea on a large scale in India, especially in Assam and Darjeeling.

As the British introduced tea to the Indian market, it quickly became a staple of Indian households. Local vendors began brewing tea with spices, milk, and sugar, giving rise to the beloved “chai” that Indians enjoy today. Street-side chaiwallas (tea sellers) became common, and tea’s accessibility made it an integral part of everyday Indian life—from morning wake-up rituals to afternoon breaks and social gatherings.

Tea: A Living Heritage

Tea is more than just a beverage in India; it’s a symbol of hospitality, unity, and tradition. It connects people from all walks of life, whether in the bustling streets of a city or the quiet corners of a village. Tea drinking has evolved into a cherished cultural practice, with each region offering its own unique flavors and traditions.

In Assam, strong, malty teas are often brewed black and enjoyed with minimal additions. In contrast, Masala Chai—spiced tea with ginger, cardamom, and other aromatic spices—is a nationwide favorite that represents the blending of Indian traditions with tea culture.

Conclusion: A Sip of History in Every Cup

From the ancient legend of Bodhi Dharma to the lush tea gardens of Assam, Darjeeling, and Nilgiris, India’s tea culture is steeped in history, legend, and rich traditions. As you enjoy your next cup of tea, remember that every sip is a connection to this long history of tea, a heritage that continues to flourish in every corner of India.

Whether it’s the energizing wake-up call of Assam’s black tea, the delicate flavor of Darjeeling, or the comforting warmth of Masala Chai, tea is more than just a drink—it’s a way of life, a part of India’s heart and soul.